Insider Brief
- Senators Chris Coons and Mike Rounds have introduced the bipartisan Quantum-GUARD Act to address quantum-related cybersecurity risks to the U.S. electric grid.
- The bill would direct FERC to consider quantum cybersecurity risks, establish a DOE testing environment for PQC adoption, and study vulnerabilities across the bulk electric power system.
- The legislation focuses on helping utilities and government agencies assess quantum risks and transition critical IT and operational technology systems to post-quantum cryptography.
Press release – U.S. Senators Chris Coons (D-Del.) and Mike Rounds (R-S.D.) introduced the Quantum Grid Utility Assurance and Resilient Defense Act of 2026 (Quantum-GUARD Act) to strengthen electric grid resilience by proactively addressing cybersecurity threats posed by quantum computing.
Quantum computing technology is rapidly progressing, and powerful quantum computers may soon be able to break widely used encryption standards that protect the cybersecurity of critical systems and sensitive data. In 2024, the National Institute of Standards and Technology ( NIST ) finalized post-quantum cryptography (PQC) standards that are more resistant to quantum-enabled decryption.
Critical infrastructure sectors face unique challenges in adopting these new standards. The Quantum-GUARD Act seeks to address those challenges. It directs federal agencies to evaluate quantum-related cybersecurity vulnerabilities, assist electric utilities in transitioning to PQC, and improve coordination between grid operators, cybersecurity experts, and government partners.
“Quantum computing has the potential to create new economic opportunities, but it also presents tremendous cybersecurity risks. We need to make sure essential infrastructure like our electrical grid is secured against this coming wave of quantum cyber threats,” said Senator Coons . “As the technology races forward and our adversaries continue to seek vulnerabilities in our critical systems, we need to pass the Quantum-GUARD Act to ensure our government is using every available tool to meet this threat.”
“As advances in quantum computing increase cybersecurity threats to the United States, we must continue to strengthen protections for our nation’s most sensitive data,” said Senator Rounds . “I’m pleased to be co-leading the Quantum-GUARD Act, which will codify parts of President Trump’s executive order regarding advanced cryptographic attacks and support our electrical grid’s transition to post-quantum cryptography.”
The Quantum-GUARD Act:
- Directs the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) to consider cybersecurity risks posed by quantum computers within its authority over grid reliability
- Establishes a collaborative testing environment through the Department of Energy’s Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response (DOE CESER), to identify and address challenges to PQC adoption
- Requires DOE CESER to study quantum cybersecurity risks to the bulk electric power system, including vulnerabilities in information technology and operational technology
“QED-C supports efforts to strengthen cybersecurity preparedness and accelerate the deployment of post-quantum cryptography (PQC) across critical infrastructure, including the electric grid. As QED-C reported in QuEnergy Resilience, using PQC to secure communications for monitoring and control of the electric grid is widely recognized as one of the most feasible and highest-impact actions to secure grid operations, with strong alignment across industry, national laboratories, and academia,” said Celia Merzbacher, executive director of the Quantum Economic Development Consortium (QED-C), managed by SRI International .
“Quantum computing may seem like science fiction, but it’s only a matter of time before an operationally relevant quantum computer arrives. The cybersecurity impacts of quantum computing will be immense, and the Quantum-GUARD Act would help both government and industry tackle this problem. Prompting the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission to consider the reliability risks associated with quantum computing and directing the Department of Energy to create a sandbox to test technology and implementation strategies against quantum capabilities are good steps to take,” said Michael Daniel, president & CEO of the Cyber Threat Alliance .
“Quantum computing will bring great benefits, but it also creates cybersecurity risk. Post-quantum cryptography will help ensure that our nation’s power grids are resistant to quantum attack. The Quantum Industry Coalition supports the Quantum-GUARD Act and thanks Senators Coons and Rounds for their leadership in introducing it,” said Paul Stimers, executive director, Quantum Industry Coalition .
“The threat quantum computing poses to the systems that run our electric grid is real, and the hardest part of getting ahead of it is not the cryptography itself but migrating the equipment already in the field. This bill gets the approach right. It directs FERC to weigh quantum risk where it matters, and it puts DOE’s convening power behind the practical work of helping utilities and vendors move deployed IT and OT systems to post-quantum cryptography. That focus on real-world adoption, not just research, is what the sector needs,” said Patrick C. Miller, president & CEO, Ampyx Cyber .
“Preparing critical infrastructure for the transition to post-quantum cryptography starts with understanding where and how today’s cryptography is used. The Quantum-GUARD Act creates an important opportunity to help utilities and vendors test cryptographic discovery and migration approaches in realistic IT and OT environments, while giving FERC and NERC better evidence to inform future reliability policy,” said Dr. Allan Friedman, cyber supply chain expert and technologist-in-residence, TPO.group .
“Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) is how we make sure the systems running America’s power grid stay secure in the quantum era, but migrating critical infrastructure takes years of preparation. The Quantum-GUARD Act gets that preparation underway now. American Binary strongly supports the Act and thanks Senators Coons and Rounds for their efforts to codify our country’s necessary PQC migration,” said Kevin Kane, CEO, American Binary .
“As a leader in quantum technologies, IonQ wholly endorses this significant legislation that addresses the necessary transition to post-quantum cryptography in the energy sector,” said Dean Acosta, chief corporate affairs and government relations officer, IonQ .
Read the full text of the bill here .
Read a one-pager of the bill here .