Fundamental limits on photonic state preparation from phase-space majorization

arXiv:2610.37755v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Preparing complex quantum states of light for quantum information processing tasks often proceeds by converting from simpler states via experimentally accessible operations. We provide fundamental bounds on such probabilistic conversions, both exact and approximate. To do so, we establish a theory of weak, fully relative majorization that compares the disorder of phase-space functions. Our framework is versatile and can be tailored to different systems and sets of allowed operations. Focusing on Wigner functions in multimode photonic systems, we establish rigorous no-go results and tradeoff relations for exact and approximate conversions involving squeezed states, cat states, Gottesman--Kitaev--Preskill states, and Fock states. In doing so, we derive novel bounds and recover known tight ones. Our results demonstrate that phase-space disorder imposes strong limitations on photonic state preparation.